Filament lamps. The principle of operation, features, advantages and disadvantages

Filament lamps: what is it?

What is a filament lamp? This is a special type of LED lamp that looks very much like an incandescent lamp (LN). It has the same transparent glass bulb, but inside it is not a tungsten filament, but LEDs of a special design that look like filaments. From here came the name of this type of lamp - “filament”, which is translated from English as “thread”.
In the off state, the filament lamp can be easily distinguished from the LN in the shape and characteristic yellow color of the LED filaments, but in the on-state, the differences become less obvious. Despite the great resemblance, the filament lamp is much better in terms of parameters than incandescent lamps and more efficient than conventional LED lamps.

Flask

Glass sealed transparent bulb may have a different shape. In the decorative lamp series, glass with a special coating can be used to create a softer and warmer shade of glow. The flask is filled with inert gas, usually helium, which quickly transfers the heat generated by the LEDs to the walls of the flask. Heat is evenly distributed over the entire surface of the bulb and dissipated into the environment. Since the area of ​​the bulb is many times larger than the area of ​​the LED filaments, it does not heat up above 50-60 ° C.

LED filament

The filament is produced using the Chip-on-Glass (COG) technology used in the manufacture of displays for mobile devices. It is a sapphire crystal substrate on which LED crystals are arranged in a chain. Thanks to the transparent substrate, the light from the LEDs spreads in all directions. At the ends of the substrate, contacts are fixed for supplying power and fixing the filament in the lamp. Outside, the thread is coated with a special substance - a phosphor, which sets the desired glow color (color temperature) of the thread. For the decorative series of lamps, threads of various shapes are made, for example, in the form of arcs or spirals.

Glass leg

This important structural element is support for attaching filament yarns. Also, conductors are laid in the leg through which power is supplied to the LEDs.

Cap

Serves for fixing the lamp in an electric cartridge and supplying power to it. The most common base types are E27 and E14. The filament lamp base is the only place where the LED driver can be placed.

Driver

The LED lamp driver is a special electronic circuit assembled on a printed circuit board. The main function of the driver is to ensure the correct operation of the LEDs when changing external factors, such as supply voltage and ambient temperature. Modern LED driver circuits are able to work in a very wide range of network voltages, have various types of protection and high efficiency, guarantee the absence of flickering and pulsation of light. As a rule, the basis of the driver circuit is a specialized microcircuit, which ensures its high performance.
Interesting to know. The color temperature of the filament lamp can be approximately determined by the hue of the color of the threads. If the threads have a lemon tint, then such a lamp will create daylight (white) light, and a lamp with threads of saturated yellow or orange color will be warmer (yellow). The shape, length, and number of filaments affect the quality of lighting. The more chains and the longer they are, the more LEDs can be placed on them and the brighter the lamp will be. The uniformity of lighting also depends on the arrangement of the threads.
Tip. The quality of the phosphor directly affects the quality of light. Manufacturers of low-cost brands can save on phosphor. A cheap phosphor quickly loses its properties during operation (degrades), which negatively affects the quality of light - an unpleasant and harmful to the eyes blue shade appears. For this reason, you need to correctly choose the manufacturer of the lamps.

Features and benefits of filament lamps

Filament lamps have a number of advantages not only over LN but also over ordinary LED lamps:
  • Due to the fact that the entire surface of the lamp is a transparent bulb, and also because of the special design of the filament, the lamp provides a very wide angle of light scattering - almost 360 degrees. It is able to evenly illuminate the surrounding space, which is difficult to achieve with conventional LED lamps;
  • In ordinary LED lamps, to increase the scattering angle, flasks (optical systems) from special translucent materials that absorb part of the light are used. The filament lamp bulb is completely transparent, which leads to an increase in the energy efficiency of the lamp;
  • During operation, the LEDs can heat up to high temperatures, and it is the temperature that is the obstacle to a further increase in their light output. The design features of the filament yarn contribute to a uniform distribution of heat between all LED crystals and efficient heat dissipation from the entire surface of the yarn. At the same time, due to the gas filling the flask, heat is quickly transferred to its walls and dissipated into the environment, and due to the large surface area of ​​the flask it does not heat up to high temperature. Effective heat dissipation from the LEDs allows you to bring in more power to them without the risk of failure, which also helps to increase the energy efficiency of the lamp and increase its service life.

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